2010年AP环境科学简答题真题+答案+PDF下载
1. Read the following article from the Fremont Gazette and answer the questions that follow.
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(a) Choose any ONE of the three pollutants mentioned above and respond to each of the following.
(i) Describe one specific source, other than the local chemical plants, for the toxic pollutant you chose.
(ii) Describe how the pollutant you chose enters the human body and one specific effect it can have on human health.
(iii) Describe TWO specific steps, other than an outright ban, that a city or nation can take to reduce the threat posed by this pollutant.
(b) Give one reason why Dr. Egguen is correct in asserting that children are particularly susceptible to toxic pollutants.
(c) An important contributor to global climate change is the release of CO2 from the rapidly increasing number of coal-burning power plants in China. Assume that the coal burned at these plants to provide the power to manufacture a single MP3 player releases 40 kg of CO2 and that it costs $0.75 to capture 1 kg of CO2 and keep it from entering the atmosphere. Determine the cost, in dollars, to capture the total amount of CO2 released from manufacturing one MP3 player.
(d) Coal-burning power plants also release other pollutants, including nitrogen oxides (NOx ), sulfur oxides (SOx ), and particulates. Select one of these pollutants and identify one technology that can be used to remove it from the waste stream of coal-burning power plants.
(e) Discuss TWO reasons why a multinational company would choose to build a manufacturing facility in India and/or China rather than in the United States or Europe.
2. Termites are social insects that are essential decomposers in tropical rain forest ecosystems. Termites may account for up to 95 percent of insect biomass in tropical rain forests. Termites consume vast amounts of dead and decomposing plant material, thanks to the work of mutualistic cellulose-digesting microorganisms that inhabit their guts. In addition to their roles as important decomposers, termites digest plant materials and directly contribute to carbon dioxide and methane emissions into the atmosphere. It is likely that, like many insect species, termites and their symbionts may be sensitive to changes in their microclimate caused by global climate change, especially with regard to temperature and humidity.
(a) Respond to the following using the data in the table above, which gives the rate of wood consumption by termites, in mg per day per termite, under various temperature and relative humidity conditions. Under optimal conditions, the emission rate of methane by termites is approximately 70 kilograms of CH4 per year per 1,000 termites.
(i) According to the data, what are the optimal temperature and relative humidity for termite activity?
(ii) Given a density of 4.5 × 107 termites per hectare and optimal conditions, calculate the annual amount of methane emitted, in kilograms, by the termites inhabiting a 2,000-hectare tropical rain forest.
(iii) Suppose the temperature increases to 35°C and the relative humidity decreases to 50 percent. Using the data provided, determine the amount of methane, in kilograms, that would be emitted by the termites in the 2,000-hectare tropical rain forest.
(iv) Explain why the population size of termites is also affected by temperature and humidity.
(b) It has been observed that soon after a tropical rain forest is cleared, termite density increases to an estimated 6.8 × 107 termites per hectare. Thereafter, the termite population size decreases dramatically.
(i) What is the most likely reason that the density of the termites increases when a tropical rain forest is cleared?
(ii) Why do the termite populations eventually decrease dramatically?
(c) Describe one way, other than changes in termite activity, that tropical rain forest destruction contributes to anthropogenic climate change.
2010年AP环境科学简答题真题余下省略！
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