2017年AP环境科学简答题真题+答案+PDF下载
1. Read the following article from the Fremont Daily Times and answer the questions that follow.
(a) Describe TWO effects that ingesting microbeads has on aquatic organisms.
(b) Dr. Ewoldsen states that nitrates pose different threats to aquatic ecosystems than microbeads do. Describe how nitrate levels can negatively affect water quality in some aquatic ecosystems.
(c) While wastewater treatment plants are ineffective at removing microbeads, they are very effective at removing large pieces of plastic waste and other pollutants.
(i) Identify one way large pieces of plastic are removed from wastewater during primary treatment.
(ii) Prior to discharge, wastewater is often disinfected. Identify one technique commonly used to disinfect wastewater.
(iii) Sludge or biosolids produced during the wastewater treatment process can be spread on agricultural fields. Identify one advantage and one disadvantage of this practice.
(d) Coastal ecosystems are threatened by other human activities in addition to wastewater disposal. Mangrove swamps are one such threatened ecosystem.
(i) Provide one reason why mangrove trees are being removed by humans.
(ii) Identify one ecosystem service provided by intact mangrove ecosystems.
2. Populations of large terrestrial animals, such as African elephants and snow leopards, are in decline around the world. Many of these large animals are now on the verge of extinction.
(a) Using the data provided in the table above, plot the elephant population data as points on the grid below, placing the independent variable on the x-axis. Clearly label the axes.
(b) Calculate the percent loss of elephants in Africa from 1970 to 2000. Show all work.
(c) The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) estimates that the elephant population will decline by 20 percent between 2015 and 2022. Use this estimate to calculate how many elephants will be left in Africa in 2022. Show all work.
(d) Most large terrestrial mammals are K-strategists. Identify one characteristic of a K-strategist and explain how the characteristic you identified can make these mammals prone to extinction.
(e) Identify and discuss TWO conservation strategies that could be implemented to prevent the extinction of large terrestrial mammals, such as the African elephant or snow leopard.
2017年AP环境科学简答题真题余下省略！
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