2015年AP世界历史简答题真题+答案+PDF下载
1. Using the following documents, analyze responses to the spread of influenza in the early twentieth century.
Historical Background: The influenza pandemic of 1918–1919 killed an estimated 50 million people, many more than the total fatalities of the First World War. Approximately 20%–40% of the global population became ill.
Document 1
Source: Medical doctor, letter to a friend, Camp Devens, United States Army base near Boston, Massachusetts, 1918.
Camp Devens has about 50,000 men, or it did before the epidemic broke loose. The epidemic started about four weeks ago, and has developed so rapidly that the camp is demoralized and all ordinary work is held up till it has passed. All assemblages of soldiers are taboo. We have been averaging about 100 deaths a day, and still keeping it up.
The normal number of doctors here is about 25 and that has been increased to over 250, all of whom have temporary orders. The little town nearby is quite a sight. It takes special trains to carry away the dead. For several days there were no coffins and the bodies piled up something fierce. We used to go down to the morgue and look at the boys laid out in rows. It beats any sight they ever had in France after a battle.
And you can imagine what the paper work alone is—fierce—and the Government demands all paper work be kept up in good shape. So you can see that we are busy.
Document 2
Source: Lutiant van Wert, Native American female volunteer office worker, letter to a friend at an Indian school in Kansas, Washington, D.C., 1918.
Katherine and I just returned last Sunday evening from Camp Humphreys “Somewhere in Virginia” where we helped nurse soldiers sick with the Influenza. We were there at the camp for ten days among some of the very worst cases and yet we did not contract it. We had intended staying much longer than we did, but the work was entirely too hard for us. We worked from seven in the morning until seven at night with only a short time for luncheon and dinner. Our chief duties were to give medicines to the patients, take temperatures, fix ice packs, feed them at “eating time,” rub their back or chest with camphorated sweet oil, make egg-noggs, and a whole string of other things that I can’t begin to name. Male orderlies carried the dead soldiers out on stretchers at the rate of two every three hours. Repeated calls come from the Red Cross to do volunteer work right here in D.C. I volunteered again, but as yet I have not been called and am waiting. They are certainly desperate for nurses—even me can volunteer as a nurse in a camp or in Washington.
All the schools, churches, theaters, dancing halls, etc. are closed here also. There is a bill today in the Senate authorizing all the wartime government workers to stay home for the duration of the epidemic. It has not passed the House of Representatives yet, but I can’t help but hope it does.
Document 3
Source: “Report on the Epidemic of Influenza in Sierra Leone,” British colonial government of Sierra Leone, West Africa, 1918.
Amongst those most unfortunately situated were those from out of town who lodged with others in [the capital] Freetown. In a number of cases these people, when they became sick, were simply turned out on to the streets. As the epidemic progressed it became apparent that a number of patients were suffering from want of attention and were dying from insufficient care and treatment, either because all the people in a house were sick or because the patients had been deserted by the other residents. In some cases the patients had been actually turned out to the street by the other occupants of the house.
2015年AP世界历史简答题真题余下省略！
你可能还关注