2019年AP宏观经济学简答题真题+答案+PDF下载
1.Canada is an open economy that is currently in a recessionary output gap.
(a)Draw a correctly labeled graph of the long-run aggregate supply, short-run aggregate supply, and aggregatedemand curves, and show each of the following.
(i)The current equilibrium real output and price level, labeled as Y1 and P1, respectively
(ii)Full-employment output, labeled Yf
(b)The central bank and the government do not take any policy actions to close the output gap.
(i)Explain how the economy will adjust to full employment in the long run.
(ii) On your graph in part (a), show how the economy adjusts to full employment in the long run.
(c)Suppose the Canadian government is unwilling to wait for the long-run adjustment process. The marginalpropensity to consume is 0.8. The equilibrium real output is $500 billion and the full-employment output is$540 billion.
(i)Calculate the minimum change and indicate the direction of change in government spending requiredto shift the aggregate demand curve by the amount of the output gap.
(ii)Calculate the minimum change and indicate the direction of change in taxes required to shift theaggregate demand curve by the amount of the output gap.
(d)Assume instead that the Canadian central bank takes actions to restore the economy to full-employmentoutput by influencing investment spending. Draw a correctly labeled graph of the money market, and show the effect of the actions taken by the central bank on the equilibrium interest rate.
(e)Canada and Mexico are trading partners. Draw a correctly labeled graph of the foreign exchange marketof the Canadian dollar, and show the effect of the change in the interest rate in part (d) on the value of theCanadian dollar with respect to the Mexican peso.
2. Assume the expected inflation rate in a country is 3%, the current unemployment rate is 6%, and the natural rate of unemployment is 4%.
(a) Draw a correctly labeled graph of the short-run and long-run Phillips curves. Label the current short-run equilibrium as point X and plot the numerical values above on the graph.
(b)Is the actual inflation rate greater than, less than, or equal to the expected inflation rate of 3%?
(c)Assume loans were made taking into account the expected inflation rate of 3%. Will lenders be better off orworse off after they realize the actual inflation rate identified in part (b) ? Explain.
(d)Based on the relationship between the actual and the expected inflation rates identified in part (a), what willhappen to the natural rate of unemployment in the long run?
3. Assume that households in Econland increase their savings for retirement.
(a)Using a correctly labeled graph of the loanable funds market, show how the increase in savings will affectthe equilibrium real interest rate.
(b)Based solely on the real interest rate change identified in part (a), what will happen to Econland’s purchasesof foreign assets? Explain.
(c)Consider the foreign exchange market for Econland’s currency.
(i)Based on your answer to part (b), what will happen to the international value of Econland’s currency?
(ii)Based on your answer to part c (i), would Econland’s central bank buy or sell its currency in theforeign exchange market to offset the change in the value of its currency?
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