2015年AP宏观经济学简答题真题+答案+PDF下载
1. Assume that the United States economy is operating below full employment.
(a) Draw a correctly labeled graph of long-run aggregate supply, short-run aggregate supply, and aggregate demand, and show each of the following.
(i) Current equilibrium output and price level, labeled as Y1 and P1
(ii) Full-employment output, labeled as Yf
(b) Assume that the Federal Reserve targets a new federal funds rate to reach full employment. Should the Federal Reserve target a higher or lower federal funds rate?
(c) Given the Federal Reserve action you identified in part (b), draw a correctly labeled graph of the money market and show the effect on the nominal interest rate.
(d) The policy makers pursue a fiscal policy rather than the monetary policy in part (b). Assume that the marginal propensity to consume is 0.8 and the value of the recessionary gap is $300 billion.
(i) If the government changes its spending without changing taxes to eliminate the recessionary gap, calculate the minimum required change in government spending.
(ii) If the government changes taxes without changing government spending to eliminate the recessionary gap, will the minimum required change in taxes be greater than, smaller than, or equal to the minimum required change in government spending in part (d)(i) ? Explain.
(e) Assume the government lowers income tax rates to eliminate the recessionary gap. Will each of the following increase, decrease, or stay the same?
(i) Aggregate demand. Explain.
(ii) Long-run aggregate supply. Explain.
2. Country X and Country Y are trading partners, and both produce furnaces and solar panels. The countries can produce the following amounts using equal amounts of resources.
Country X: 6 furnaces or 8 solar panels
Country Y: 6 furnaces or 12 solar panels
(a) Which country has an absolute advantage in producing solar panels?
(b) Calculate the opportunity cost of a furnace in Country Y.
(c) Which country has the comparative advantage in producing furnaces? Explain.
(d) If the terms of trade were that 2 furnaces are exchanged for 1 solar panel, should Country X produce solar panels domestically or import solar panels from Country Y?
3. Exchange rates and interest rates are important for macroeconomic decision making.
(a) How does an increase in Japan’s government budget deficit affect each of the following?
(i) The real interest rate in the short run in Japan. Explain.
(ii) Private domestic investment in plant and equipment in Japan
(b) Draw a correctly labeled graph of the foreign exchange market for the euro, and show the effect of the change in the real interest rate in Japan from part (a)(i) on each of the following.
(i) Supply of euros. Explain.
(ii) Yen price of the euro
(c) To reverse the change in the yen price of the euro identified in part (b)(ii), should the European Central Bank buy or sell euros in the foreign exchange market?
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